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Mechanical drawing how to: on sale ebook download


Mechanical drawing how to: on sale ebook download

MECHANICAL DRAWING SELF-TAUGHT:
instructions in the selection and preparation of drawing instruments, elementary instruction in practical mechanical drawing; together with examples in simple geometry and elementary mechanism, including screw threads, gear wheels, mechanical motions, engines and boilers.
Author Of "The Complete Practical Machinist," "The Pattern Maker's Assistant," "The Slide Valve"
Illustrated By Three Hundred And Thirty Engravings.
Selecting and testing drawing instruments
Testing and selecting India ink
CHAPTER II.THE PREPARATION AND USE OF THE INSTRUMENTS.
Preparing the lining pen for use
The shapes of the lining pen points
Preparing the circle pen for use
The shape for circle pen points
Shaping circle pens for very small circles
A form of pen point recently introduced; forming the pen point
The method of oil-stoning circle pen points
The needle point and pen point
German instrument to avoid slipping of a needle point
Applying the ink to the bow-pen
Using a straight line or lining pen with a T square
A line at a right angle to another; a point; parallel lines
A line produced; a line bisected; a line bounding a circle; an arc of a circle; segments of a circle; the chord of an arc; a quadrant of a circle
A sector of a circle; a line tangent to a circle; a semicircle; centre of a circle; axis of a cylinder; to draw a circle that shall pass through three given points
To find the centre from which an arc of a circle has been struck; the degrees of a circle
To find the angle of one line to another
To find the angles of three lines one to the other
Acute angles and obtuse angles
Triangles; right angle triangle; obtuse angle triangle; equilateral triangle; isosceles triangle
Scalene triangle; a quadrangle; quadrilateral or tetragon
Rhomboid; trapezoid; trapezium
The angles of regular polygons; the ellipse
The use of a trammel for drawing an ellipse
To draw a parabola mechanically
CHAPTER IV.SHADOW LINES AND LINE-SHADING
Section lining or cross-hatching
To represent cylindrical pieces one within the other; to represent a number of pieces one within the other
To represent pieces put together and having slots or keyways through them.
Effects of shading or cross-hatching
Lines in sectional shading or cross-hatching made to denote the material of which the piece is composed—lead, wood, steel, brass, wrought iron, cast iron
The shade line to indicate the shape of piece; representation of a washer
A key drawn with a shade line; shade line applied to a nut; a German pen regulated to draw lines of various breadths
Example of line-shading in perspective drawing, shown in a pipe threading stock and die
A cylindrical pin line-shaded; two cylindrical pieces that join each other; a lathe centre; a piece having a curved outline
Line-shading applied to a ball or sphere; applied to a pin in a socket shown in section
A piece of tube, where the thickness of the tube is shown; where the hollow or hole is seen, the piece shown in section; where the body is bell-mouthed and the hollow curve shown by shading
Example of line-shading to denote the relative distances of various surfaces from the eye
Line-shading to denote that the piece represented is of wood; shade-lines being regular or irregular
Examples in marking dimensions
CHAPTER VI.THE ARRANGEMENT OF DIFFERENT VIEWS
The different views of a mechanical drawing; elevation; plan; general view; a figure to represent a solid cylinder
To represent the different sides of a cube; the use of a cross to denote a square
A triangular piece requires two or three views
To represent a ring having hexagon cross section; examples; a rectangular piece in two views
The position of the piece when in its place determines the name of the view in the drawing
Best method of projecting one view from another; the two systems of different views of a piece
CHAPTER VII.EXAMPLES IN BOLTS, NUTS AND POLYGONS
To represent the thread of a small screw
United States standard sizes for forged or unfinished bolts and nuts
The basis of the Franklin Institute or United States standard for bolts and nuts; hexagonal or hexagon heads of bolt
Comparison of hexagon and square heads of bolts; chamfers
Without chamfer; best plan for view of both square and hexagon heads
Drawing different views of hexagon heads
To draw a square-headed bolt; to draw the end view of a hexagon head
Use of the triangle to divide circles
Scales giving the length of the sides of polygons
To find what a square body which measures one inch on each side measures across the corners; to find what diameter a cylindrical piece of wood must be turned to which is to be squared, and each side of which square must measure an inch
To find a radius across corners of a hexagon or a six sided figure, the length of a side being an inch
To pencil in a cap nut; pencilling for a link having the hubs on one side only
Link with hubs on both sides; pencil lines for a double eye or a knuckle joint
Double eye or knuckle joint with an offset; a connecting rod end
A bolt with a square under the head
Example in which the corner where the round stem meets the square under the head is sharp; a centre punch giving an example in which the flat sides gradually run out upon a circle, the edges forming curves
CHAPTER VIII.SCREW THREADS AND SPIRALS.
Screw threads for small bolts with the angles of the thread drawn in, and the method of doing this
A double thread; a round top and bottom thread such as the Whitworth thread; a left hand thread; to draw screw threads of a large diameter
Drawing the curves for screw threads
To draw the United States standard thread
Form of template for drawing the curves of threads
To show the thread depth in a top or end view of a nut; to draw a spiral spring
To obtain an accurate division of the lines that divide the pitch
CHAPTER IX.EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE.
A locomotive spring; a stuffing box and gland; working drawings of a coupling rod; dimensions and directions marked; a connecting rod drawn and put together as it would be for the lathe, vise, or erecting shop
A spiral wound around a cylinder whose end is cut off at an angle
A cylindrical body joining another at a right-angle; a Tee for example
Example of a cylinder intersecting a cone
A cylindrical body whose top face if viewed from one point would appear as a straight line, or from another a circle
CHAPTER XI.DRAWING GEAR WHEELS.
Names of the curves and lines of gear teeth
Professor Willis' scale of tooth proportions
How to find the curve for the tooth face
To trace hypocycloides for the flanks of teeth
Sectional view of a section of a wheel for showing the dimensions through the arms and hub
To draw an edge view of a wheel; rules for drawing the teeth of wheels; bevel gear wheels
The construction to find the curves
To draw the arcs for the teeth
To draw the pitch circle of the inner and small end of the pinion teeth
One-half of a bevel gear and an edge view projected from the same
A pair of bevel wheels shown in section; drawing of a part of an Ames lathe feed motion; small bevel gears
Example in which part of the gear is shown with teeth in, and the remainder illustrated by circles; drawings of part of the feed motion of a Niles horizontal tool work boring mill
Three bevel gears, one of which is line-shaded; the construction of oval gearing; Professor Rankine's process for rectifying and subdividing circular arcs
Various examples of laying out gear wheels
CHAPTER XII.PLOTTING MECHANICAL MOTIONS.
To find how much motion an eccentric will give to its rod
To find how much a given amount of motion of a long arm will move the short arm of a lever
Example of the end of a lever acting directly on a shoe; a short arm having a roller acting upon a larger roller
A link introduced in the place of the roller to find the amount of motion of the rod; a lever actuating a plunger in a vertical line, to find how much a given amount of motion of the long arm will actuate the plunger
Two levers upon their axles or shafts, the arms connected by a link and one arm connected to a rod
A lever arm and cam in one piece on a shaft, a shoe sliding on the line, and held against the cam face by the rod, to find the position of the face of the shoe against the cam
To find the amount of motion imparted in a straight line to a rod, attached to an eccentric strap
Examples in drawing the cut off cams employed instead of eccentrics on river steamboats in the Western and Southern States. Different views of a pair of cams
The object of using a cam instead of an eccentric
Method of drawing or marking out a full stroke cam
Illustration of the lines embracing cut off cams of varying limits of cut-off
Part played by the stroke of the engine in determining the conformation of cut-off cams; manner of finding essential points of drawings of cutoff cams
A cam designed to cut off the steam at five-eighths of the piston stroke
Three-fourths and seven-eighths cams
Necessary imperfections in the operations of cut-off cams
Drawing representing the motion which a crank imparts to a connecting rod
Plotting out the motion of a shaper link quick return
Plotting out the Whitworth quick return motion employed in machines
Finding the curves for moulding cutters
CHAPTER XIII.EXAMPLES IN LINE-SHADING AND DRAWING FOR LINE-SHADED ENGRAVINGS.
Arrangement of idle pulleys to guide bolts from one pulley to another; representation of a cutting tool for a planing machine
Drawing for an engraver in wood; drawings for engravings by the wax process
Engraving made by the wax process from a print from a wood engraving; engravings of a boiler drilling machine
CHAPTER XIV.SHADING AND COLORING DRAWINGS.
Coloring the journals of shafts; simple shading; drawing cast-iron, wrought iron, steel and copper
Points to be observed in coloring and shading; colored drawings to be glued around their edges to the drawing board; to maintain an even shade of color; mixing colors
To graduate the depth of tint for a cylindrical surface
The size and use of brushes; light in shading; example for shading a Medart pulley
To show by the shading that the surfaces are highly polished; representation of an oil cup; representation of an iron planing machine
Example in shading of Blake's patent direct acting steam pump
Example of shading an independent condenser
CHAPTER XV.EXAMPLES OF ENGINE WORK.
Drawings of an automatic high speed engine; side and end views of the engine; vertical section of the cylinder through the valve face
Pillow box, block crank-pin, wheel and main journal
Side and edge view of the connecting rod
A two hundred horse power horizontal steam boiler for a stationary engine; cross sectional view of the boiler shell
Side elevation, end view of the boiler, and setting
Working drawings of a one hundred horse power engine; plan and side view of the bed plate, with the main bearing and guide bars; cross sections of the bed plate; side elevation of the cylinder, with end view of the same
Steam chest side and horizontal cross section of the cylinder; steam chest and the valves; cam wrist plate and cut-off mechanism; shaft for the cam plate; cross head; side view and section through the centre of the eccentric and strap
Construction of the connecting rod
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Mechanical drawing how to: on sale ebook download